The Alternative Armies Blog

Welcome to the Alternative Armies blog. This blog tells you all about what we are up to and it is where we post our latest tabletop gaming news and articles.
We cover Flintloque and Slaughterloo, High Fantasy, Other Ranges as well as our 15mm scale fantasy, science fiction and historical ranges.
Our game systems and free content such as PDF downloads and reading articles. Enjoy and do dig back in time to see what was going on before now.

Feel free to comment and ask questions. We are always happy to help gamers with their hobby.

Friday 29 April 2016

Hammer and Forge range by Ganesha Games now released at Alternative Armies


Have a Beer on us! To celebrate the release of the Hammer and Forge range of miniatures at Alternative Armies we are automatically placing a FREE DWM013 Dwarf with Battle Tankard miniature in ANY order that contains at least one Ganesha miniature.  No limit on the number of orders.  Offer runs until 9am GMT Tuesday 2nd May 2016.  Just place orders as normal and we will do the rest!  Go HERE.  After a successful Kickstarter the miniatures are now online for everyone for any 28mm game system.  Dwarves, Undead Dwarves, Hob Goblins and much more!


Hammer and Forge is an exciting supplement to the popular Song of Blades and Heroes tabletop skirmish system which focuses on the Dwarf race and their allies and enemies.  It goes with Advanced Song of Blades and Heroes and it has its own supplement book called 'Hammer and Forge'. You can use any 28mm miniatures such as Alternative Armies own range of Dwarves and Undead but it was created with its own miniatures in a deliberate attempt to capture the heroic, high fantasy style of the late 70’s, 80’s and early 90’s. This was a time of creativity and expansion where influences from authors like Tolkien and Howard where heavily felt in the style of the time. Back when a dwarf could be a thief, a barbarian, an assassin, a cleric. These Ganesha miniatures let you unlock your imagination again and be free to explore a bigger richer fantasy world. A world that can be whatever you want.... grim, dark, and perilous, or heroic, vast, and unhindered, where anything is possible. We hope you will enjoy them and find uses for them in all your games!  A line of high quality white metal miniatures produced under license in Scotland. Completely back-compatible with other Song Of Blades and Heroes books.

Alternative Armies manufactures Ganesha Games 28mm scale white metal miniature lines under an official agreement.  Miniatures made and shipped from Scotland.  You can visit the website HERE. Here are some professionally painted example miniatures from the range.  Below that is the complete listing of all  the more than 60 codes of miniatures.  Everyone of them has pictures and there are value packs too with a saving!




Books
Advanced Song of Blades and Heroes (Paperback Book)
Hammer and Forge supplement book (Paperbook Book)


Dwarf Miners 
DWM001 King Thumas Ven - Son of Dragonslayer  
DWM002 Dwarf Rune Caster  
DWM003 Lyonette of Midlands – Guildmistress of the Weaponsmiths
DWM004 Dwarf Officer
DWM005 Dwarf Golden Lantern Standard Bearer
DWM006 Dwarf Bag Piper
DWM007 Dwarf Warrior with Pick
DWM008 Dwarf Warrior with Hammer
DWM009 Dwarf Warrior with Mace
DWM010 Dwarf Warrior with Axe
DWM011 Dwarf Crossbow Wielder
DWM012 Dwarf Gemstone Grenadier
DWM013 Dwarf with Battle Tankard
DWM014 Dwarf Arbalestier
DWM014B Dwarf Female Arbalesier
DWM015 Dwarf Tunnel Guide lantern bearer
DWM016 Dwarf with Battle Axe
DWM017 Dwarf with Battle Axe II
DWM018 Dwarf with Ball and Chain
DWM019 Dwarf Heavy Leader
DWM020 Dwarf Heavy Standard Bearer
DWM021 Dwarf Heavy Horn Blower


DWMP00 Dwarf Miners Value Pack (22 miniatures)
This value pack contains twenty two different miniatures from the Hammer and Forge range giving you a great skirmish force with a 10% saving off single prices. Codes in this pack are: DWM001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,009,010,011,012,013,014,014B,015,016,017,018,019,020,021.


Dwarf Barbarians and Pelters
DS001 Scimitar Monster
DS002 Dwarf Wyrmblight in Dragon Scale Armour
DS003 Dwarf Outcast Dragonslayer
PELT000 Weremole
PELT002 Ruill the Beardless
PELT001 Kraun Twin Axe
PELT003 Green Beard Wolf Biter
PELT004 Sabretooth Tiger Pelter
PELT005 Dwarf Bearwolf Archer 
PELT006 Dwarf Bear Pelter
PELT007 Dwarf Raven Pelter
PELT008 Dwarf GemClub Pelter 
PELT009 Dwarf Shamen Runecaster
PELT012 Butch the Twin Axe Barbarian


DSP00 Dwarf Barbarians and Pelters Value Pack (14 miniatures)
This value pack contains fourteen different miniatures from the Hammer and Forge range giving you a great skirmish force with a 10% saving off single prices.  Codes in this pack are: DS001,002,003 and PELT001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,009,012.


Undead Dwarves
UDD001 Darran Dur the Liche King
UDD002 Dwarf Vampire
UDD003 Screaming Ghast
UDD004 Undead Heavy Infantry with Mace 
UDD005 Undead Heavy Infantry with Scycle
UDD006 Undead Infantry Javelineer
UDD007 Skeleton Undead Ram Rider
UDD008 Wight Axeman 
UDD011 Zombie Skull Slinger


UDDP00 Undead Dwarf Value Pack (9 miniatures)
This value pack contains nine different miniatures from the Hammer and Forge range giving you a great skirmish force with a 10% saving off single prices.  Codes in this pack are: UDD001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,011.


Hob Goblins
HG000 Koylak Demon
HG001 Hob Goblin Leader
HG002 Hob Goblin Mistmancer
HG003 Hob Goblin Heroine with twin Yagatans
HG005 Hob Goblin Archer
HG006 Hob Goblin Archer on Hyaenadon
HG007 Hob Goblin Lancer on Hyaenadon
HG008 Hob Goblin Sword on Hyaenadon
HG004 Hob Goblin Warrior Set (5 Multi-Pose)


HGP00 Hob Goblin Value Pack (12 miniatures)
This value pack contains nine different miniatures from the Hammer and Forge range giving you a great skirmish force with a 10% saving off single prices.  Codes in this pack are: UDD001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,011.


Special Dwarfs
D001 Dwarf Thief 
D002 Dwarf Assassin 
D003 Dwarf Cleric
D004 Dwarf Bard
DS004 Dwarf Legendary Dragon Slayer 
DS005 Jontil the Beardless
PELT013 Dwarf Pelter Chieftain
DWN022 Dragon Ale Fire Projector

Thanks for Reading,

GBS

Friday 8 April 2016

56592 Cruellest DeVille Cuirassiers for Flintloque released!

April is a big month for Alternative Armies every year and on top of our annual Salute Season which sees free shipping worldwide (on all orders over 10.00GBP until 18th April) we have new releases for Flintloque and Slaughterloo...the final codes and divisional box for the Army of Pudigrochumsberg!  These three releases are 56587 Pudigroan Command Set, 56592 Cruellest DeVille Cuirassiers and 56604 Pudigroan Dog Division (DAP) and all of these are now on our website HERE.  The whole army is now complete and released! There are three articles and news items one for each to give each of them their proper worth and place but if you want to see all of them now just click through.  Read on for more on the DeVille Cuirassiers!


CRUELLEST DEVILLE CUIRASSIERS
The heavy cavalry and mailed fist of King Bonio the cuirassiers thunder into battle to smash the formations of the hated Ostarians and others.  They are few in number but superbly good cavalry being well mounted and trained plus in possession of a wide knowledge of real battle. There is one regiment with ten squadrons of about fifty riders each.  A squadron has two sections and a command element meaning a section has roughly ten Cavalry on  horses in it.  An officer, standard bearer, musician, sergeant along with troopers.  Armed with heavy Straight Swords and the occasional pistol their uniforms are as follows. The uniform consists of a dark orange tunic, grey breeches, a grey tricorne and dark brown boots. Facing colours (cuffs, collars, etc.) are dark blue. Equipment is white with equipment straps being of black leather and the cuirass is brushed steel.


56592 Cruellest DeVille Cuirassiers
This is a set of 28mm white metal Dogman miniatures giving you the heavy cavalry sections and units of your new Pudigrochumsberg force.  These are meant for use with the rest of the Pudigrochumsberg packs but they will also serve well in Confederation of Finklestein collections and also revolutionary older style Ostarian Empire forces.  Sculpted by our lead designer Sam Croes there are five different models (riders) in this set as well as a horse and they are available as a full unit (10) as well as a skirmish set (5) and a trooper booster (1) as well.  As with all our Valon miniatures we offer the additional choice of purchase pro-painted and based by our team of ladies here in Scotland.  The poses are from left to right in the pictures an officer with a raised pistol and scabbarded sword, a musician blowing on a bugle with scabbarded sword, a standard bearer with a pole topped with a plain cylinder head and scabbarded sword, trooper with straight sword raised and lastly a trooper with straight sword held at the ready.  All riders wear a tricorne and steel cuirass.  18.00GBP Go HERE.


These Dogmen are all 'poodle' types making them the same average height and bulk as an Elf.  They would make an excellent skirmish section in their own right.  The horse in this code is well suited to cavalry operating in a colder part of Urop near Diberia as the horses have cloth protection for the face.  

Go HERE to see the whole Pudigrochumsberg Army.

The painted examples here were painted by Jez at Shakespeare Studio Painting.  You can see his work HERE.

Thanks for Reading.

GBS

Thursday 7 April 2016

56587 Pudigroan Command Set for Flintloque released!

April is a big month for Alternative Armies every year and on top of our annual Salute Season which sees free shipping worldwide (on all orders over 10.00GBP until 18th April) we have new releases for Flintloque and Slaughterloo...the final codes and divisional box for the Army of Pudigrochumsberg!  These three releases are 56587 Pudigroan Command Set, 56592 Cruellest DeVille Cuirassiers and 56604 Pudigroan Dog Division (DAP) and all of these are now on our website HERE.  The whole army is now complete and released! There are three articles and news items one for each to give each of them their proper worth and place but if you want to see all of them now just click through.  Read on for more on the Pudigroan Command Set!


56587 Pudigroan Command Set
A set of 28mm white metal Dogman miniatures which gives you the foot and mounted officers in all units for your new force.  These are meant for use with the rest of the Pudigrochumsberg packs but they will also serve well in Confederation of Finklestein collections and also revolutionary older style Ostarian Empire forces.  Sculpted by our lead designer Sam Croes there are eight miniatures in this set four on foot and two mounted on horses.  This is a set and you can also purchase a single foot officer as well as a drop down menu choice.  As with all our Valon miniatures we offer the additional choice of purchase pro-painted and based by our team of ladies here in Scotland.  Price 18.00GBP. Go HERE.







Every command set we made for The World of Valon follows the same methodology in that we have four officers on foot and two mounted.  Those on foot have one of four dominant personalties to reflect officers in Slaughterloo.  These personalties are Aggressive, Cowardly, Heroic and Dastardly.  The mounted officers are always a 'colonel' grade and a 'general' grade for maximum usefulness in an army. The poses are from left to right in the foot officers photograph firstly the 'Cowardly' type of officer with hand out stretched and a pistol, the 'Aggressive' type of officer at a full run teeth bared and sword raised.  Next is the 'Heroic' type of officer sword held aloft and arm raised preparing an order to attack.  Then the 'Dastardly' type officer who is rubbing his hands together plotting how to get his troops killed and himself glory.  The mounted officers from left to right are firstly a 'Colonel' holding the reigns and with a pistol in his hand and secondly a 'General' with raised sword and periwinkle wig.  All are wearing Pudigrochumsberg uniform and most wear a tricorne hat.  These Dogmen are all 'poodle' types making them the same average height and bulk as an Elf.  They are character filled miniatures who would also make excellent additions to an infantry, cavalry, artillery or any other section as well.

Here are some in game photographs of Flintloque of these officers in action!







I just have to say that the Aggressive Foot Officer is I think one of the nicest Flintloque miniatures ever!  Such a radical pose and possessing a vitality that makes you think he will begin running at any moment.  Enjoy!

Go HERE to see the whole Pudigrochumsberg Army.

Thanks for Reading,

GBS

Tuesday 5 April 2016

28mm Classic Fantasy Adventurers Packs released!


Following on from our re-mastering and re-releasing of the whole Various Nastly Things (VNT) classic high fantasy range of Undead and Monsters we have now released all of the Humans, Wizards and Halflings in the Classic Adventurers (CA) part of our classic range.  Designed back in the 1990's by industry leading sculptors these miniatures are in white metal and suitable for any fantasy system. Superb designs and concepts.  These can be purchased as six different packs or singles from those packs and there is a multitude box set too containing every CA pack with a saving too.  Go HERE or read on for details.  Remember we also have a large range of Orcs, Goblins, Hob-Goblins, Dwarves plus Barbarians and the Torture Chamber plus more.


“A college of magic is the place for any aspiring Wizard.  From the Youngling who is trying a feeble first in spell making to the young Mage who is adept at a few spells and strives for more and then the Magus at the height of his powers and influence who holds all in his thrall.  Elderly spell casters who are in the twilight and yet find employment.  Then there are those who fail as apprentices through drunkenness or sheer dimwitted act they end up as offal and charred or worse remains upon the ground.  A Wizards Progression can be a rewarding one...or one fraught with danger!” 

CA1 A Wizards Progression
This code contains five different 28mm white metal miniatures approx 28mm average height.  Great quality, choice and value. These miniatures are not supplied with bases and are supplied unpainted. Select your choice from the drop down product menu.  Choose from a pack, three packs with a 10% saving applied and single miniatures.  Total choice!  Assembly is required with some white metal miniatures. Go HERE. Poses in this code are as follows:

CA1-01: The Youth beginning his magic.  Sitting with Book.
CA1-02: The Young Mage casting a spell.
CA1-03: The Grand Magus expanding his realm.
CA1-04: The Aged Wizard with his staff.
CA1-05: The Failed Apprentice.  A pile of remains and boots!


“Will you go down to the woods today?  You better take some supplies.  Why?  Well the woods can be a dangerous place but not for all those who travel through them when you bump into a party of Halflings out for a walk.  Share your bread and cheese with them and your bottled ale too.  Why?  It will be best for you and they will reward you with tall tales and with song and dance too.  But come without your supplies and those same Halflings will dance a merry dance with their hard soled feet upon your own and all week long you will hobble not walk!”

CA2 Halfling Walking Party 
This code contains six different 28mm white metal miniatures approx 20mm average height.  Great quality, choice and value. These miniatures are not supplied with bases and are supplied unpainted. Select your choice from the drop down product menu.  Choose from a pack, three packs with a 10% saving applied and single miniatures.  Total choice!  Assembly is required with some white metal miniatures. Go HERE. Poses in this code are as follows:

CA2-01: Halfling barefoot in cloak with Staff.
CA2-02: Halfing barefoot walking with Backpack.
CA2-03: Female Halfing barefoot walking with Staff.
CA2-04: Halfing barefoot with Sword and Bow.
CA2-05: Female Hafling barefoot in armour with Bow.
CA2-06: Halfling barefoot Wizard with Crystal Ball and Wand.


“Out of the light and in the darkness are the adventurers who would do ill upon the world.  Some are savage and some noble with other skilled in abduction and in theft too but all are cruel.  Cruel and with a streak of evil in their bones that makes them so.  Often in the service of nefarious warlords or skulking dark mages these adventurers love gold above all else and will kill with ease to get it.”

CA3 Evil Adventurers
This code contains five different 28mm white metal miniatures approx 28mm average height.  Great quality, choice and value. These miniatures are not supplied with bases and are supplied unpainted. Select your choice from the drop down product menu.  Choose from a pack, three packs with a 10% saving applied and single miniatures.  Total choice!  Assembly is required with some white metal miniatures. Go HERE. Poses in this code are as follows:

CA3-01: Evil Barbarian with Horned Helm and twin Sword.
CA3-02: Plate Armoured Evil Female with serrated Sword and Shield.
CA3-03: Evil Female warrior with two handed Sword.
CA3-04: Masked Evil rogue in cloak with Sword and Dagger.
CA3-05: Masked Evil thief in cloak with Sword and Plunder Sack.


“Have you a task?  An undertaking that will chill the marrow and weaken the nerves of ordinary henchmen and soldiers?  A treasure to find in the dank of a dungeon?  A maiden to rescue from a slavering monster?  A rich merchant who wishes to travel through the darkest and highest hills where none tread?  All these tasks and more that make fine stories or tragedies have one feature in common...Adventurers.  Adventurers possess the nerve and the vigour to take on these tasks and the skills to ensure their success.  Knights, Wizards, Rogues, Barbarians, Bards, Rangers and many more will hire you their help in your task...promise them danger and legend!”

CA4 Adventurers III
This code contains five different 28mm white metal miniatures approx 28mm average height.  Great quality, choice and value. These miniatures are not supplied with bases and are supplied unpainted. Select your choice from the drop down product menu.  Choose from a pack, three packs with a 10% saving applied and single miniatures.  Total choice!  Assembly is required with some white metal miniatures. Go HERE. Poses in this code are as follows:

CA4-01: A noble Knight in plumed helm and plate with Sword and Shield.
CA4-02: A stunted Wizard of the east in robes.
CA4-03: A fiery Sorceress with Staff wand and long hair. 
CA4-04: A Saracen warrior in armour with Sword and Shield.
CA4-05: A fighter of the lost world with Mace and Shield.


“Your party has found their lair.  Your party has cut through the undergrowth and scaled the walls.  Your party has hacked its way through the henchmen and your party has overcome the traps that litter the ground.  Your party has lost some members and tears have been shed as those remaining climb the stone stair case and enter the chamber in which the deadly foe you have sought resides. Behind the door is an enemy more powerful that those your party has faced and beaten...will you succeed?”

CA6 Deadly Foes
This code contains three different 28mm white metal miniatures approx 28mm average height.  Great quality, choice and value. These miniatures are not supplied with bases and are supplied unpainted. Select your choice from the drop down product menu.  Choose from a pack, three packs with a 10% saving applied and single miniatures.  Total choice!  Assembly is required with some white metal miniatures. Go HERE. Poses in this code are as follows:

CA6-01: The Classic Vampire!
CA6-02: The Summoner!
CA6-03: A cursing Hag!


“It is as you climb the final stair case that you look back over your shoulder.  It was not in the town not in the Inn that you noticed.  It was not in the woods when the Goblins attacked that you saw.  Not in assaulting the Dark Summoner in his castle that you realised amid his minions and their spraying blood no.  It is as you climb the final stair case and face the door behind which evil resides waiting that you look back and realise now is the time.  The Fighter steps forward muscles rippling and jaw set tight.  This is his task, his destiny.  He will go through that door and emerge triumphant or not at all!”

CA7 Classic Fighters
This code contains three different 28mm white metal miniatures approx 28mm average height.  Great quality, choice and value. These miniatures are not supplied with bases and are supplied unpainted. Select your choice from the drop down product menu.  Choose from a pack, three packs with a 10% saving applied and single miniatures.  Total choice!  Assembly is required with some white metal miniatures. Go HERE. Poses in this code are as follows:

CA7-01: Armoured Fighter with Spear and hung Shield.
CA7-02: Bareheaded Fighter with furred Cloak and two handed Sword.
CA7-03: Gladiator with Sword beckoning on his opponent.


CAM01 Classic Adventurer One  Multitude
A great opportunity to get your hands on a box of brilliant miniatures giving an instant force for skirmish level wargaming or the core of an Adventuring Party to expand from. This boxed set code contains twenty seven different 28mm white metal miniatures. Great quality, great choice and great value too.  Go HERE.

The Multitude is 27 miniatures.  (18 Human Characters, 3 Undead Characters, 6 Halfling Characters. Contains packs CA1,2,3,4,6,7 and you save 10% off single pack prices).  These miniatures are not supplied with bases and are supplied unpainted. Select your choice from the drop down product menu. Choose from a boxed set or three boxed sets with an additional 10% saving applied (meaning 20% off single pack prices!). Assembly is required with some white metal miniatures. Here is a listing of all the packs which are all included in the Multitude

CA1 A Wizards Progression (5)  
CA2 Halfling Walking Party (6)   
CA3 Evil Adventurers (5)  
CA4 Adventurers III (5) 
CA6 Deadly Foes (3) 
CA7 Classic Fighters (3) 

Thanks for Reading.

GBS

Monday 4 April 2016

Salute Season! Free Worldwide Shipping and New Releases until 18th April

Alternative Armies has begun its Salute Season. While we will not be attending the show in London you will not miss out! For two weeks from now until the end of the 18th April 2016 (we will end about 9am GMT on 19th April) we are offering FREE WORLDWIDE SHIPPING on all orders anywhere (no limit per customer) on orders over 10.00GBP product value. This applies to all of our ranges, all of our books, miniatures and anything else we sell. Just add items to your cart and proceed to checkout and the website will automatically do the rest. Go HERE and explore.


We have releases and other offers during this period too. These will be put up in articles over the next week or so in detail but in brief here is everything that will be happening during this period. All of the codes and offers are live right now though some do not have their images yet as the surprise is saved for the main release article: 

Flintloque and Slaughterloo 
56587 Pudigroan Command Set (18.00GBP) 
56592 Cruellest DeVille Cuirassiers (18.00GBP) 
56604 Pudigroan Dog Division (DAP) (166.00GBP) 

Classic Adventure Packs (CA) 28mm High Fantasy 
CAM01 Classic Adventure Multitude One (26) Save 10% 46.80GBP 
CA1 A Wizards Progression Pack (5) 10.00GBP 
CA2 Halfling Walking Party (5) 10.00GBP 
CA3 Evil Adventurers (5) 10.00GBP 
CA4 Adventurers III (5) 10.00GBP 
CA6 Deadly Foes (3) 6.00GBP 
CA7 Classic Fighters (3) 6.00GBP 


We are the home of Flintloque and we have a massive selection to offer wargamers. If you are a wargamer who loves Flintloque and Slaughterloo we can offer you the books, the shilling starter packs, scenario boxes, blister packs, unit boxes and divisional army packs too from two dozen different armies including the new Pudigroan Dogmen. If you are a classic high fantasy wargamer we have our entire DH Dwarf Hosts range including a Multitude and the Runic Golem and well now as the entire OH Goblinoid Horde of Goblins, Orcs, Mountain Orcs, Hob Goblins, Lesser Goblins and Dogmen as well as Multitudes. We have a selection of VNT Undead and Monsters too including the mighty P11 Old English Dragon. Now the Classic Adventurers too! All created by industry veteran sculpters in the 1980's and 1990's. We have Ganesha Games entire line of Fighting Fungi miniatures manufactured here in Scotland. Fans of mythology are welcome too to our 28mm scale Celtic Myth range Erin and our heroic scale Typhon range of Greek Mythology. We have the Torture Chamber collectors sets and the zany Grinning Skull Range by Will Grundy and the classic Asgard Space Marines Range and Barbarians Range too. We also have a range of Bases, a range of Terrain and Accessories and the range of Pebeo Paints. Lastly we have our Deals and Offers page where there are bundles, reductions, end of lines and more all reduced from list price and our free postage offer applies to EVERYTHING! Thousands of miniatures to choose from. Just go to our website and then browse using the top menu to choose your range to view. 


Combining Orders 
So if you like Flintloque, High Fantasy, Ganesha Games and other 28mm scale ranges check out Alternative Armies. If you like 15mm scale including HOT Fantasy, TTF Fantasy, HOF Science Fiction, Laserburn, Altuos Renaissance, Pony Wars and ACW, Isarus Dark Age, Medus Medieval along with 6mm sci-fi and a lot more go to 15mm.co.uk. Our three websites are having a free postage event. If you place an order for more then ten pounds (10.00GBP) the shopping cart will automatically give you free shipping worldwide. As many orders as you like across one, two or all three of our websites at www.alternative-armies.com, www.15mm.co.uk and www.theionage.com

While the vast majority of customers are happy to place orders in this way we know that some of you would like to place a combined order by email and receive a paypal invoice to pay. This is totally fine with us and here is what to do for a combined order by email. Firstly choose your point of contact. Is it Alternative Armies, 15mm.co.uk or The Ion Age? Choose one and email us on sales@alternative-armies.com, sales@15mm.co.uk or info@theionage.com. Make your email title 'combined order' and give us your name, your shipping address, your paypal email address and a list of codes and quantities that you want to order from across our ranges. We will then reply with a total and a paypal invoice. You will get a free monthly miniature if you have Ion Age codes and you will get any other items offered free if applicable from the other websites if you have codes from its ranges in your order. We typically reply quickly but be assured you WILL NOT miss the free postage on your combined order as we will honour it as long as your email comes in before the offer ends. Speak to you soon. 

Thanks for Reading, 

GBS